overview
section two
section three
section four
section five
section six 		Redline
Measuring Up: The State of Texas Education

ENDNOTES

  1. The Texas Kids Count web site address is: http://www.cppp.org/kidscount/
  2. Hazleton, J. "Socioeconomic Trends in Texas and Their Implications for Higher Education." Paper presented to the Higher Education Symposium. Austin, Texas, Sept. 1996.
  3. Ibid.
  4. Snapshot '97. Texas Education Agency. Austin, Texas http://www.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/snapshot97/state.html
  5. Snapshot '97, 1996-97 School District Profiles Texas Education Agency.
  6. Snapshot '97. Texas Education Agency. Austin, Texas http://www.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/snapshot97/state.html Economically disadvantaged students are those who are eligible for free or reduced-price meals under the National School Lunch and Child Nutrition Program or other public assistance.
  7. Snapshot '97. Texas Education Agency. Austin, Texas http://www.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/snapshot97/state.html
  8. State of Texas Children, Factbook 3. Texas Kids Count. Center for Public Policy Priorities. Austin, Texas. 1998.
  9. National Center for Children in Poverty (1998) Columbia School of Public Health
  10. Kids Count Data Book: State Profiles of Child Well-Being, 8th Ed. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 1997.
  11. Ibid.
  12. Zaslow, M.J. et al. The Implications of Participation in Formal Child Care Arrangements for the Cognitive and Social Development of Children from Welfare Families. Childtrends, Inc.. Washington, DC. 1997.
  13. Kids Count Data Book: State Profiles of Child Well-Being, 8th Ed. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 1997.
  14. Helping Hands: Social Services for Children in Texas. Texas Kids Count, Center for Public Policy Priorities, Austin, Texas.1997.
  15. Ibid.
  16. School Breakfast Score Card. Food Research and Action Center. October 1996, Washington, DC.
  17. Texas Education Agency website http://www.tea.texas.gov/press/pr971020.html
  18. Mikulecky, L., Family Literacy: Parent and Child Interactions. Indiana University, Bloomington. Jan. 1996. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/FamLit/parent.html
  19. Ibid.
  20. Merina, A., "A shaky foundation for learning: the impact of family life on how students learn," NEA Today, 11:4, p. 29. (1992).
  21. Ibid.
  22. National Institute for Literacy website, http://www.nifl.gov
  23. Roussos, P. Literacy Links: An Update from Pavos Roussos. Dec. 1996. http://www.cdlr.tamu.edu/tcall/nwsltr.htm
  24. U.S. General Accounting Office. Early Childhood Programs. GAO-HEHS-95-21, Washington, DC. 1995.
  25. National Center for Children in Poverty (1998) Columbia School of Public Health
  26. One in Four: America's Youngest Poor, National Center For Children in Poverty, Columbia School of Public Health, 1996.
  27. U.S. General Accounting Office. Early Childhood Programs. GAO-HEHS-95-21, Washington, DC. 1995, page 12.
  28. U.S. General Accounting Office. Early Childhood Programs. GAO-HEHS-95-21, Washington, DC. 1995, page 16.
  29. Facts from Trends in the Well-Being of America's Children and Youth, 1996. Child Trends, Inc. http://www.childtrends.org/prfaag.htm#Education
  30. Helping Hands: Social Services for Children in Texas. Texas Kids Count, Center for Public Policy Priorities, Austin, Texas.1997.
  31. Ibid.
  32. Ibid.
  33. Johnson, Joe. Interview. Charles Dana Center, The University of Texas, July 1998.
  34. Department of Education Forgione, Jr., P.D. "What We've Learned From TIMSS About Science Education in the United States." Address to 1998 Conference of the National Science Teachers' Association, April 16, 1998. http://www.nces.ed.gov/Pressrelease/science/#achievement
  35. Ibid.
  36. Ibid.
  37. National Assessment of Educational Progress. "Texas SSI Information Sheet and Texas NAEP Data (Fourth and Eighth Grade)."
  38. Snapshot '97, 1996-97 School District Profiles Texas Education Agency. Special education students' scores are excluded from this percentage.
  39. Ibid.
  40. Snapshot '96, 1995-96 School District Profiles Texas Education Agency.
  41. Brooks, A.P., "Bush's test-to-pass school plan called to blackboard," Austin American Statesman, December 22, 1997.
  42. Ibid.
  43. Ibid.
  44. Kids Count Data Book: State Profiles of Child Well-Being, 8th Ed. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 1997.
  45. Snapshot '97, 1996-97 School District Profiles Texas Education Agency.
  46. IDRA Newsletter, National Center for Educational Statistics, October 1994.
  47. The Estimated Longitudinal Dropout Rate is calculated by the Texas Education agency by "subtracting the annual rate as a percentage of 1.0 and raising the resulting retention rate to the sixth power. The retention rate is then subtracted from 1.0 for the final estimated longitudinal dropout rate."
  48. Snapshot '97, 1996-97 School District Profiles Texas Education Agency.
  49. Ibid.
  50. Texas Education Agency web site: http://tea.tx.gov/reseach/dropout95/trends.html.
  51. Snapshot '97. Texas Education Agency. Austin, Texas http://www.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/snapshot97/state.html
  52. "Issues Page: Bilingual Education," Education Week on the Web, July, 1998. http://www.edweek.org/context/topics/biling.htm
  53. Texas Public Law 94-142.
  54. Special Education: Parent and Student Rights, 1991, p. 3.
  55. Special Education: Parent and Student Rights, pp. 3-1.
  56. Snapshot '97. Texas Education Agency. Austin, Texas http://www.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/snapshot97/state.html
  57. Individuals with Disablilities Education Act, Section 601, (8)(b)
  58. Texas Education Agency 1997-8 Unpublished data set.
  59. Fiscal Size Up, 1998-99 Biennium Texas State Services, Legislative Budget Board, Austin, Tx, 1998. p. 6-1.
  60. Fiscal Size Up, 1998-99 Biennium Texas State Services, Legislative Budget Board, Austin, Tx, 1998.
  61. This range applies to 95% of all school districts. Snapshot '97, 1996-97 School District Profiles Texas Education Agency.
  62. The Basics of Texas Public Finance, Texas Association or School Boards. 1996, p.25.
  63. Ibid.
  64. Success in School: Education Ideas that Count. Annie E. Casey Foundation, http://www.aefc.org/aecpub/success/smschool.htm
  65. Fiscal Size Up, 1998-99 Biennium Texas State Services, Legislative Budget Board, Austin, Tx, 1998.
  66. This ratio is affected by the large number of rural schools in Texas with small class sizes.
  67. Johnson, Joe. Interview. Charles Dana Center, The University of Texas, July 1998.
  68. Austin American Statesman, May 14, 1998.
  69. Ibid.
  70. Snapshot '97, 1996-97 School District Profiles Texas Education Agency.
  71. "The Urban Challenge: Public Education in the 50 States." Quality Count '98. January 1998. Education Week in colloboration with Pew Charitable Trusts. http://www.edweek.org/sreports/qc98/states/tables/tx-t.htm
  72. Brooks, A.P., "Bush's test-to-pass school plan called to blackboard," Austin American Statesman, December 22, 1997.
  73. Snapshot '97, 1996-97 School District Profiles Texas Education Agency.
  74. Johnson, Joe. Interview. Charles Dana Center, The University of Texas, July 1998.
  75. U.S. General Accounting Office. GAO/HEHS-96-148 School Facilities: State Profiles.
  76. "Education Agency Awards $33 Million in Technology Grants to Schools." Texas Education Agency press release. June, 10, 1998. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/press/pr980610.html.
  77. "US Officials Calls for Studies of Technology in Classrooms." New York Times, April 27, 1998.
  78. U.S. General Accounting Office. GAO/HEHS-96-148 School Facilities: State Profiles.
  79. Ibid., page 168.
  80. Ibid.
  81. Kids Count Data Book: State Profiles of Child Well-Being, 8th Ed. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 1997.
  82. Ibid.
  83. Ibid.
  84. Corbin, J. "Adult Relationships Key to Positive School Climate." School Development Program Newsline. 1996. http://info.med.yale.edu/corner/jncadults.html
  85. See also "Parent Involvement and Community Empowerment Initiative." Texas Education Agency. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/parent_inv/initatve.html
  86. Education code 4.001(b)
  87. See also "Parent Involvement and Community Empowerment Initiative." Texas Education Agency. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/parent_inv/initatve.html
  88. Ibid.
  89. Iscoe, L.K. Beyond the Classroom: Experiences of a School-Based Services Project. Hogg Foundation for Mental Health. Austin, Texas. 1996.
  90. School of the Future, Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, Austin, TX 1997.
  91. JAMA, September 10, 1997.
  92. "Students' Reports of School Crime: 1989 -1995." National Center for Educational Statistics, January 24, 1998. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/crime/summary.html.
  93. IDRA Newsletter, 24:10, November/December 1997.
  94. Ibid.
  95. Ibid.
  96. Ibid.
  97. Ibid.
  98. Ibid.
  99. Knight, D.L. "Summary Report: Statewide Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities 1996-97 Recognition Program." STAR (Support for Texas Academic Renewal). Region VIII Comprehensive Technical Assistance Center. http:198.213.2.23/document/sdfscsum.htm.
  100. "The Urban Challenge: Public Education in the 50 States." Quality Counts '98. January 1998. Education Week in colloboration with Pew Charitable Trusts. http://www.edweek.org/sreports/qc98/states/tables/tx-t.htm
  101. Rosenberger, Michal K. (1997). Team Leadership. School Boards at Work. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing Company, Inc..
  102. "Purpose of a School Board." Texas Association of School Boards. 1996. http://www.tasb.org/AboutUs/purpose.html.
  103. Kids Count Data Book: State Profiles of Child Well-Being, 8th Ed. Annie E. Casey Foundation, 1997.
  104. The Future of Children. "Financing Schools". 7:3 Winter 1997.
  105. Finn, C.E., et al., "The new school: charter schools offer the benefits of both public schools and private schools," National Review, Sep. 15, 1997, 49:17, p. 48.
  106. The Future of Children. "Financing Schools". 7:3 Winter 1997.
  107. Ibid.
  108. Ibid.
  109. Finn, C.E., et al., "The new school: charter schools offer the benefits of both public schools and private schools," National Review, Sep. 15, 1997, 49:17, p. 48.
  110. "What's Happening with Charter Schools?" State Legislatures 22:5. p.S2. May 1996.
  111. The Future of Children. "Financing Schools". 7:3 Winter 1997.
  112. Ravitch. Diane. A New Era in Urban Education? Brookings Institution, Washington, DC. August, 1998. http://www.brook.edu/es/policy/policy.htm.
  113. Ibid.
  114. School Choice, A Policy Goal Statement. Texas Business and Education Coalition, 1994. p. 2.
  115. Ibid.
  116. Ibid.
  117. Ibid.
  118. Helping Hands: Social Services for Children in Texas. Texas Kids Count, Center for Public Policy Priorities, Austin, Texas.1997.
  119. Lerner, R., "Creating caring communities: Building university-community partnerships to enhance youth and family development. Conversations: Supporting Children and Families in the Public Schools, 3(1-2), 8-12, 1996.
  120. Dupper, D. & Poertner, J., "Public Schools and the Revitalization of Impoverished Communities: School-Linked, Family Resource Centers," Social Work, 42: 5, p. 415.
  121. Keys, S. & Bemak, F., "School-Family-Community Linked Services: A School Counseling Role for Changing Times," The School Counselor, 44, March 1997
  122. Holtzman, W., "Community Psychology and Full-Service Schools in Different Cultures," American Psychologist, 52:4, April, 1997.
  123. What Makes it Work. Communities in Schools, Inc. 1997. http://www.cisnet.org/what_makes_it_work.html
  124. The Future of Children. "Financing Schools". 7:3 Winter 1997.
  125. Ibid.
  126. Joe Bernal, member of the State Board of Education. San Antonio Express News Search. http://expressnews.com (7/15/98)
  127. The Future of Children. "Financing Schools". 7:3 Winter 1997.
  128. San Antonio Express News Search. http://expressnews.com (7/15/98)
  Overview (Section One) next
back Conclusion
 
TOP | Overview | Students | Schools | Reforms | Conclusion | Endnotes
Measuring Up Home | Texas Kids Count Project | CPPP